Dwi

Evidence

Evidence that can travel with the claim.

A claim becomes useful when its source, boundary, status and limitation travel with it.

Source

Claim labels

Use the strongest label the evidence supports, never the label that sounds most persuasive.

  • Verified
  • Observed
  • Estimated
  • Target
  • Unknown

Measurement boundaries

Name what was measured, when, where, with which denominator and what the measurement cannot establish.

Observed cases

A bounded case can reveal a mechanism worth testing. It does not become a universal benchmark by being precise.

Observed once; not a universal performance promise.

Unknown fields

Keep an unavailable value unavailable. Do not replace an evidence gap with a convenient estimate unless the assumptions are explicit.

Pricing and provider changes

Pricing, cache behavior, model names and provider rules drift. Date every time-sensitive claim and re-check it before promotion.

Public claims need context

Any number used in public promotion must carry enough context for a reader to challenge it.

  • Source and date
  • Scope and denominator
  • Verified, observed or estimated status
  • Known limitation
  • Reproduction notes when possible

How to challenge a claim

Ask for the artifact, validation method, missing field and the result that would change the conclusion. A claim that cannot survive those questions is not ready for promotion.

Change history

When a material claim changes, retain the previous wording, the reason, the evidence date and the new limitation.

Dwi by thienhoc

Keep the unknown visible.

A visible gap protects the next decision better than polished certainty without support.